With over 120 years of forging and metal forming experience, we have developed the knowledge to compile helpful resources for our customers. WHY FORGING? Meeting Needs & Exceeding Expectations Forging produces predictable and uniform grain size and flow characteristics, translating into superior metallurgical and mechanical qualities, delivering increased directional toughness in the final part. Forging also eliminates internal voids and gas pockets for predictable structural integrity, which reduces part inspection requirements, simplifies heat treating and machining, and ensures optimum part performance under field-load conditions. As a result, these high-strength properties can reduce sectional thickness and overall weight without compromising final part integrity. If your needs are a bit more complex, we welcome a challenge. Our industry specialists and technically trained sales, many of whom have engineering degrees or experience on the shop floor, are experts equipped to provide you with on-the-spot forging information. ADVANTAGES OF FORGINGS & FORGING PROCESSES FORGE BUYING 101 Scot Forge Difference At Scot Forge, we know the importance of getting your parts on time, as expected. However, for customers new to procuring forgings, ordering a forging that will meet all specifications for end-use applications may be challenging, so finding a trusted supplier and partner is essential. Our employee-owners are here to ensure your project stays on track with our forgings by offering: Forge Design & Engineering Guidance Finished Machining Options Metallurgical Review, NDE & Destructive Testing Forged Products We offer many size forgings in both standard and unique geometries to meet your needs. Complex Shapes Bars Step Shafts, Eccentric Shafts & Rotor Shafts Hollows Hubs & Tooled Forgings Forged & Rolled Rings Semi-Closed Die Discs & Blanks Pro Tip - Did you know near-net shapes can save you time and money? Oftentimes, a customer calls to order a disc, which they will later machine down to a more shaped part. By working with our technically trained sales team, you can get your finished product shape as close as possible to optimize your production process. Why choose a forging? We know there are many metal forming options out there, and choosing the option is best for your project maybe difficult. Discover forging and what we can add to your project in the download below. WE'VE GOT YOU COVERED! FORGING SUCCESS STORIES Forge Industry Terms A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Alloy Steel Steel that, in addition to carbon, contains one or more elements in sufficient amounts to appreciably alter properties compared with those of carbon steel. Materials are alloyed to enhance physical and mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, and hardenability. Annealing A heat treating operation wherein metal is heated to a temperature above its critical range, held at that temperature long enough to allow full recrystallization, then slowly cooled through the critical range. Annealing removes working strains, reduces hardness, and increases ductility. Austenitic Steels Steels containing such proportion of an alloying element or elements that the austenitic structure is retained at room temperature. B Billet Also often called a bloom. A semifinished product of square, rectangular, or even round cross-section, hot rolled or forged. Producing billets or blooms from ingots by forging is called cogging, while by rolling it is called blooming. Blank A disc-type forging is produced by upsetting and rounding starting stock. Boring Machining a hole or enlarging an existing one with the objective of producing a more accurate hole than by drilling. Bottom Poured Ingot An ingot is produced by pouring molten steel into a vertical trumpet where the steel flows down the trumpet, through runners, and then enters the ingot mold from the bottom. This method provides substantially improved surface quality and internal soundness, as well as ingot yield advantages, over top-poured ingots. Brinell Hardness A measurement of a metal hardness (or ability to resist penetration). A steel ball is forced into the surface of the material tested under a specific load. The diameter of the depression is measured, and the hardness is the ratio of load to spherical area of the impression. C Camel Back A rectangular step-down bar that has the high point near the center. Carbon Steel Steel that owes its properties chiefly to various percentages of carbon with only residual amounts of alloying elements (except those added for composition control such as silicon and manganese). Casting Process of pouring molten metal into a prepared mold cavity of a desired shape and allowing the metal to solidify. Centrifugal Casting Casting process that consists of pouring molten metal into the cavity of a rotating mold, which can be made of various materials. Charpy Impact Test An impact test in which a specially V-notched specimen is broken by the impact of a falling pendulum. The energy absorbed in fracture is a measure of the impact strength or notch toughness of the sample. Closed-Die Forging Also called Impression Die Forging. A forging that is formed to the required shape and size by machined impressions in specially prepared dies that exert three-dimensional control on the workpiece. Cogging The reducing operation in working the ingots into a billet or bloom by the use of forging hammer or a forging press. Concentric Objects or part features having a common center. Contour Torch Cutting Torch cutting or flame cutting a part to achieve a specific shape or contour. D Die A forging die is a steel block with a flat or contoured working face, which is used in a hammer or press for shaping metal. Ductility The property of a metal that enables it to stretch before rupturing. Dumbbell A step down forging with two heads. E Eccentric A step down forging where the journals do not share the same center with the head. Electrical Conductivity The rate at which electrons move through atoms causing current to flow. Elongation The amount of permanent stretch in a tensile test specimen before rupture. ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Plan describes the employee ownership of a company. F Fabrication A part produced by any of a number of fabricating processes such as forming, rolling, punching or welding, but especially associated with weldments, the joining of two or more individual pieces by welding. Fatigue Resistance The ability of a metal to withstand repeated and varying loads without weakening. Ferrous Metals that contain iron as the major alloying element. Flat Bar A forged bar with a rectangular cross-section and the four corners are at right angles (90°). Flat Head Spindle A spindle with a rectangular head(s). Forging Process of working metal to the desired shape by impact or pressure from hammers, presses or forging machines. The metal object so produced is termed a forging. Flanged (hollow) A hollow forging with one or more protruding ribs or flanges on the outside diameter. G Gear Weldment A semi-finished gear fabrication including the outer ring, inner hub, and torch-cut stiffening plates. Grain Size The average size of the crystals or grains in a metal as measured against an accepted standard. H Hammer Forging The mechanical forming of metal by means of a hammer. The action of the hammer is that of an instantaneous application of pressure in the form of a sudden blow. Hardness The ability of a metal to resist penetration, is defined in terms of the measurement (Brinell, Rockwell, etc.). Hardness Test A test used to determine the relative resistance to indentation or displacement of metals by pressure, or by resistance to abrasion. Common methods of testing include Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers tests. Head Largest point of a forging. Heat Treatment An operation or combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy in the solid state to attain certain desired microstructure or properties. Hollow Forging The process of producing circular hollow, tube-like parts by expanding or lengthening the hot workpiece over a mandrel. Hub Part that has been upset forged using loose tools. This process produces a shape with a smaller diameter projection from either one or both sides of the major diameter of the part. I Ingot A casting suitable for working or remelting; the basic starting stock for the forging process. Intergranular Corrosion Corrosion of a metal along its grain boundaries. ISO 9001 An international family of specifications and standards for quality assurance management systems involving a third party for inspection and registration. J Jominy A hardenability test for steel to determine the depth of hardening obtainable by a specified heat treatment. Journal The smaller diameter (size) of a cylindrical forging. M Machining Process to remove excess or unwanted stock by the use of machine tools for rough or finish turning, boring, drilling, or milling. Magnetic Particle Inspection A nondestructive method of inspection for determining the existence and extent of possible defects in ferro-magnetic materials. Finely divided magnetic particles, applied to the magnetized part, are attracted to and outline the pattern of any magnetic leakage fields created by discontinuities. Mandrel A bar used to retain the cavity or enlarge the bore during hollow forging. Manipulator A mechanical device for handling an ingot or a billet during forging. Mechanical Properties Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic reaction when force is applied, or that involve the relationship between stress and strain. Mechanical properties are dependent on chemical composition, forging, and heat treatment. Metallographic Examination Study of the microscopic features of material surfaces that have been specially prepared by cutting, grinding, polishing, and etching. Metallurgical Science of metals and alloys devoted to the study of engineering materials. Microhardness Testing Testing technique used for measuring the hardness of the constituents in the microstructure of a metal. Milling The process of producing machined surfaces by progressively removing a predetermined amount of material from the work piece which is fed to a rotating milling cutter. N Neck Transition point when going from one size to another in a forging. Necking Refers to the operation of cutting a groove of predetermined depth in a work piece. Nondestructive Testing Any type of testing performed on an object that leaves it unchanged. Non-ferrous Metals that do not contain iron as the major alloying element. Normalizing Commonly used heat treatment that decreases pearlite interlamellar spacing and refines grain size. The process consists of heating steels above the transformation temperature range, holding at temperature, and then cooling in air. O Open Die Forging The mechanical forming of metals between flat or shaped dies, where flow of the metal is not completely restricted. Open Die Press, Hydraulic A forging press with a hydraulically operated ram. P Peeled Bar A round bar that has been centerless machined to remove its outer surface. The peeling process takes less than one-fourth the time of conventional lathe-turning operations. Planishing A finishing operation used to obtain closer tolerances and a smoother surface on a round workpiece. Planishing Mill, Bar A custom-designed, computer controlled GFM single-stand bar mill. After an initial forging process, bars are sent through a series of reversing passes on the planishing mill where they are rolled to a smooth surface in less than five minutes. Pneumatic Hammer A forging hammer that uses compressed air both to drive the hammer down for a working blow to the workpiece and reposition it for the next blow. Press Forging Mechanical forming of metals by means of a press. The action is that of kneading the metal by relatively slow application of force as compared with the action of hammering. Profiled Rolled Ring A forged rolled ring with a contoured or profiled cross section achieved during the rolling process. Q Quenching Rapid cooling of a heated metal, generally by immersion in liquids, to increase strength and hardness. Quenching is always followed by a temper to increase ductility. R Ring Mill Equipment used to produce forged rolled rings. A metal ring preform is rolled between two rolls that move toward each other to form a continuously reducing gap. Ring Preform Material that has been upset and pierced to form a hollow "donut." This is the starting stock needed to produce a rolled ring. Rolled Ring A forged seamless ring produced on a ring mill. Rough Machining A machining operation that allows stock for subsequent finish machining. S Saw Cutting Metalworking process used to cut starting ingot or billet stock to length in preparation for the forging process and also to trim forged parts to size. Scale Oxidation that forms on the outside of hot metal and forms a crust. The appearance and amount of scale is depended on the grade of steel and the time it is in the furnace before processing. Secondary Processing As used in this reference, all metalworking processes that follow the forging process. Typical secondary processes are heat treating, rough machining, trimming, torch cutting, and testing. Shot Blasting A metal cleaning or finishing process in which a fluid blast blows abrasive steel balls against the surface. Spectrochemical Analysis Test performed to verify a material chemistry Spindle Also referred to as a stepdown shaft. A longitudinal bar-type product with more than one diameter or cross section size. Square Bars A forging that has four equal sides and the four corners are at right angles (90°). Step-down Shaft Also referred to as a spindle. A longitudinal bar-type product with more than one diameter or cross section size. Stock Stock is the amount of additional material above the rough turn print sizes. The more stock, the greater the chance the work piece will still be acceptable even with surface defects in present. T Tartan Bars® Round bars 6" to 16" diameter with a forged center and rolled bar surface produced only by Scot Forge. Thermocouple A device consisting of two different conductors (usually metal alloys, termed “bi-metallic”) that produce a voltage proportional to a temperature difference, between either end of the two conductors. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control. Temper Heat treat process performed after quenching or normalizing. The forging is heated to a temperature below the critical temperatures and cooled at a suitable rate. Tempering steel after hardening to relieve quenching stresses ensures dimensional stability and obtains specified mechanical properties. Tensile Strength The maximum load per unit of initial cross-sectional area obtained before rupture in a tension test. Tensile Test A tension-testing machine mechanically or hydraulically applies a tensile load to a specimen. The test establishes ultimate strength, yield strength, and ductility (elongation and reduction of area). Torch Cutting The cutting or parting of steel objects with a torch using a flame with excess oxygen to completely oxidize or "burn" the steel directly in the path of the flame; flame cutting. Toughness Testing Test used to assess the resistance of metals to brittle fracture propagation (spreading) in the presence of stress raisers. Turning Removing metal from the outside of a part by means of a tool in a lathe or similar machine tool. U Ultrasonic Testing A method of nondestructive testing of solid metal for internal flaws utilizing high frequency sound waves. Upsetting Working metal so that the cross-sectional area of a portion or all the stock is increased. V V-Die A die having two working surfaces at equal opposing angles to the vertical. We can help you today! Name* Phone Number* Company* Email* State/Country* Comment/Request* File upload Upload File NOTE: Please do not upload sensitive documents. For a secure file transfer please call 800-435-6621. Submit

Material Availability Enhance your supply chain with the on-hand material availability of Scot Forge. Your components are forged with U.S. sourced material in grades ranging from basic carbon and low alloy steel or stainless steel to unique chemistry and remelt grades and everything in between. As a result, you will experience shorter lead times allowing for quicker reactions to market changes. You can work with a partner who not only carries an extensive inventory of raw material but can acquire remelt material such as VAR and ESR ingots. In addition, if you require specialized, innovative metal chemistry or processing solutions, we can help you meet your demanding requirements. ALL MATERIALS The images below are material test specimens captured by our in-house team of Metallurgists, in our state-of-the-art Met Lab. ALUMINUM COPPER NICKEL STAINLESS STEEL EDUCATION/ R&D CARBON, ALLOY & TOOL STEEL TITANIUM CARBON, ALLOY & TOOL STEEL TITANIUM TITANIUM CARBON, ALLOY & TOOL STEEL Verified and Tested We verify 100 percent of incoming material using x-ray fluorescence or an XRF gun. We run optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in the lab on test samples taken from forged products. Many of our grades are routinely tested to strict cleanliness requirements, such as aircraft and bearing quality standards, and are stocked pre-qualified to allow for shorter lead times to the market. Supplier Relationships: The nation's largest purchaser of bottom-poured ingots Scot Forge holds strong partnerships with globally recognized melt facilities, supplying the strongest, cleanest materials available in the world. These shops’ diverse capabilities allow us to offer custom-melt materials uniquely suited to your application. VAR and ESR capabilities are readily available. Technical Assistance Our value engineering teams and on-site staff of metallurgists assist customers with the selection and use of specialty materials for applications requiring high strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and high conductivity. Brinell & Alloy Charts We can help you today! Name* Phone Number* Company* Email* State/Country* Comment/Request* File upload Upload File NOTE: Please do not upload sensitive documents. For a secure file transfer please call 800-435-6621. Submit

Scot Forge Christmas Card 2025 Click Play Below to Enjoy the Show! From all of the employee-owners at Scot Forge, Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! Scroll down to see the Commercial Team Cast and Crew Aust Schwenn Christmas Shenanigans Engineering Manager Sales Account Manager Axel Stromberg Forge Bandit Mitigation Officer Inside Sales Manager Bonnie Kaufman Director of Furnace Fear Management Administrative Coordinator Brandon Shaver Candy Cane Compliance Manager Account Manager: Aerospace Brandon Wheeler Gingerbread Decoration Strategist Sales Account Manager Brent Blackowicz Snowball Contract Negotiator Sales Segment Lead Candice Leistner Aftershave Reaction Consultant Sales & Ops Financial Analyst Carson Harris Holiday Magic Compliance Officer Sales Account Manager Cassandra Viol Gift Wrap Solutions Advisor Sales Account Manager Chris Fortier Manager of Naughty and Nice Accounts Regional Sales Manager Daisy Cahue Holiday Hoopla Manager Customer Care Specialist Devon Dupuy Chief Orchestrator of Ornaments Customer Care Specialist Dusty Henningfeld Frostbite Prevention Supervisor Sales Account Manager Jeff Krueger Polka King of the Midwest Partnership Manager Executive Director, Sales Jim Fitzgerald Airport Chaos Logistics Director Account Manager: Military/Defense Jim Merkel Kevin Escape Route Planner Executive Director, Sales/Marketing Joe Lofthouse Christmas Eve Timeline Coordinator Sales Account Manager Joel Grauer Christmas Carol Stage Manager Regional Sales Manager John Cain Chief Elf Officer CEO/Chairman of the Board John Fay Ugly Sweater Stylist Sales Account Manager Jordyn King Mistletoe Manager Sales & Ops Financial Analyst Josiah Sheedlo Forge Bandit Account Manager: Military/Defense Ken Pedraza Ice Castle Architect Account Manager: Military/Defense Kevin Coughlin Kevin - Home Alone Executive Director, Sales Laura Diedrich Sassy Snow Globe Shaker Marketing/Communications Manager Loretta Boutot Snowman Sculptor CFO Mark Brouwer Fruitcake Durability Tester Business Dev.: Aircraft Platform Mary McNett Snowflake Sprinkle Designer Customer Care Specialist Matt Davis Eggnog Engineer Account Manager: Aerospace Michelle Hall Gift-Giving Growth Manager Business Dev./Digital Growth Strategist Michelle Riedel Yule Log Cake Consultant Executive Office Operations Manager Monica Marek Igloo Infrastructure Analyst Graphic Designer Nate Zeien Seasonal Sarcasm Advisor Account Manager: Aerospace Nick Hogan Elf Mischief Monitoring Officer Sales Account Manager Nick Huber Reindeer Flight Prep Coordinator Director, Metallurgy/Innovation Rayna Wilkinson North Pole Talent Scout Sales Account Manager Rick Syverson Forge Bandit Sales Account Manager Riley Schmucker Cookie Plate Presentation Specialist Marketing Communications/Event Lead Rob Shaffer Reindeer Chow Chef Regional Sales Manager Ron Hahn Ho-Ho-Holiday Hair Stylist President/COO Ron Pohl Frostbite Prevention Specialist Technical Estimator Roy Stolzman Christmas Tree Topper Sales Account Manager Sara Pekny Merry Metrics Manager Sales Segment Lead Sarah Marski Santa’s Psychiatrist Sales Trainer Stephanie Baidinger Nutcracker Ballet Director Sales Account Manager Tim Britt Reindeer Relationship Manager Account Manager: Military/Defense Trinette Peterson Candy Cane Quality Manager Receptionist/Switchboard Operator Tyler Nichols Peppermint Twist Technician Account Manager: Military/Defense From the Scot Forge team, thanks for watching! Share your favorite Scot Forge Christmastime moment and follow us on our social networks. We can help you today! Name* Phone Number* Company* Email* State/Country* Comment/Request* File upload Upload File NOTE: Please do not upload sensitive documents. For a secure file transfer please call 800-435-6621. Submit

When hot and cold come together magic happens! Merry Christmas from the Employee-Owners at Scot Forge. Scot Forge Christmas Card 2024 Click Play Below to Enjoy the Show! From all of the employee-owners at Scot Forge, Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! Scroll down to see the Sales Team Cast and Crew Aust Schwenn Christmas Shenanigans Engineering Manager Sales Account Manager Axel Stromberg Forge Bandit Mitigation Officer Inside Sales Manager Bonnie Kaufman Director of Furnace Fear Management Administrative Coordinator Brandon Shaver Candy Cane Compliance Manager Account Manager: Aerospace Brandon Wheeler Gingerbread Decoration Strategist Sales Account Manager Brent Blackowicz Snowball Contract Negotiator Sales Segment Lead Candice Leistner Aftershave Reaction Consultant Sales & Ops Financial Analyst Carson Harris Holiday Magic Compliance Officer Sales Account Manager Cassandra Viol Gift Wrap Solutions Advisor Sales Account Manager Chris Fortier Manager of Naughty and Nice Accounts Regional Sales Manager Daisy Cahue Holiday Hoopla Manager Customer Care Specialist Devon Dupuy Chief Orchestrator of Ornaments Customer Care Specialist Dusty Henningfeld Frostbite Prevention Supervisor Sales Account Manager Jeff Krueger Polka King of the Midwest Partnership Manager Executive Director, Sales Jim Fitzgerald Airport Chaos Logistics Director Account Manager: Military/Defense Jim Merkel Kevin Escape Route Planner Executive Director, Sales/Marketing Joe Lofthouse Christmas Eve Timeline Coordinator Sales Account Manager Joel Grauer Christmas Carol Stage Manager Regional Sales Manager John Cain Chief Elf Officer CEO/Chairman of the Board John Fay Ugly Sweater Stylist Sales Account Manager Jordyn King Mistletoe Manager Sales & Ops Financial Analyst Josiah Sheedlo Forge Bandit Account Manager: Military/Defense Ken Pedraza Ice Castle Architect Account Manager: Military/Defense Kevin Coughlin Kevin - Home Alone Executive Director, Sales Laura Diedrich Sassy Snow Globe Shaker Marketing/Communications Manager Loretta Boutot Snowman Sculptor CFO Mark Brouwer Fruitcake Durability Tester Business Dev.: Aircraft Platform Mary McNett Snowflake Sprinkle Designer Customer Care Specialist Matt Davis Eggnog Engineer Account Manager: Aerospace Michelle Hall Gift-Giving Growth Manager Business Dev./Digital Growth Strategist Michelle Riedel Yule Log Cake Consultant Executive Office Operations Manager Monica Marek Igloo Infrastructure Analyst Graphic Designer Nate Zeien Seasonal Sarcasm Advisor Account Manager: Aerospace Nick Hogan Elf Mischief Monitoring Officer Sales Account Manager Nick Huber Reindeer Flight Prep Coordinator Director, Metallurgy/Innovation Rayna Wilkinson North Pole Talent Scout Sales Account Manager Rick Syverson Forge Bandit Sales Account Manager Riley Schmucker Cookie Plate Presentation Specialist Marketing Communications/Event Lead Rob Shaffer Reindeer Chow Chef Regional Sales Manager Ron Hahn Ho-Ho-Holiday Hair Stylist President/COO Ron Pohl Frostbite Prevention Specialist Technical Estimator Roy Stolzman Christmas Tree Topper Sales Account Manager Sara Pekny Merry Metrics Manager Sales Segment Lead Sarah Marski Santa’s Psychiatrist Sales Trainer Stephanie Baidinger Nutcracker Ballet Director Sales Account Manager Tim Britt Reindeer Relationship Manager Account Manager: Military/Defense Trinette Peterson Candy Cane Quality Manager Receptionist/Switchboard Operator Tyler Nichols Peppermint Twist Technician Account Manager: Military/Defense From the Scot Forge team, thanks for watching! Share your favorite Scot Forge Christmastime moment and follow us on our social networks. We can help you today! Name* Phone Number* Company* Email* State/Country* Comment/Request* File upload Upload File NOTE: Please do not upload sensitive documents. For a secure file transfer please call 800-435-6621. Submit

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5 Hot Topics from the 34th Space Symposium Scot Forge recently exhibited at the 34th Space Symposium from April 16 - 19, 2018 in Colorado Springs, and boy did we learn a lot! Rather than the experience just benefiting Scot Forge, we want to share what we learned to our customers in the aerospace industry. Here are the top 5 most discussed topics we heard at the show and our takeaways. Jorgensen Forge Shut Down It was announced during the Space Symposium that Jorgensen Forge, an open-die and rolled ring forging supplier, will cease operations and close this year for good. For the forging world, this means that a key aerospace supplier has stopped quoting new orders and is telling their customers to start transitioning to competitive suppliers. Jorgensen is well known in the aerospace industry for supplying lighter rolled rings up to 220” OD for Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE). This news came as quite a shock to Jorgensen’s customers, who were attending the Space Symposium. Nobody likes surprises (unless it’s their birthday… and even then, not all the time). This is especially true of the aerospace market and this news has left several companies in a panic as they struggle to find new suppliers to help in meeting their delivery needs to stay on schedule. Hypersonics There was a significant amount of discussion at the Space Symposium about the advancements in hypersonic technology throughout the world, mainly focused on Kinzhal, Russia’s new hypersonic missile. It’s been reported that Kinzhal can travel as fast as Mach 10 over a distance as great as 1,200 miles, all while maneuvering. If this is true, the new Russian missile would be able to tear through the most highly developed US defenses. Additionally, China has claimed they have a hypersonic missile that could reach the US mainland, along with testing a ballistic missile paired with a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). France and India have also joined the race to produce similar high-speed weaponry. While none of these nations have perfected their missiles, they are all making advancements to their arsenal. Earlier this year General John Hyten, Commander United States Strategic Command, acknowledged that the US needs new defense technologies to address these increasing global threats, along with continued advancement and testing of our own hypersonic missiles. Greater Use of Composite Materials & 3D Printing The use of advanced materials in aircraft is growing as manufacturers strive to improve performance and reduce maintenance requirements and aircraft weight. Composites such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are increasingly replacing aluminum. Additionally, engine manufacturers are developing ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components, which have a higher heat tolerance than metal alloys, to create more fuel-efficient engines. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, can produce parts with intricate geometries relatively easily in a variety of materials - including metals, polymers, and composites – and tends to reduce energy use and tooling costs for complex parts. However, Scot Forge still believes composite materials and additive manufacturing are a long way away from competing head-to-head against forged products for aerospace, due to the elimination of porosity, contoured grain flow and fine grain size inherent to the forging process. However, composite materials and 3D printing are currently a real threat to the replacement of castings. As forging companies look to convert critical castings to forgings in the future, we’re sure to meet composite material suppliers and 3D printers on the playing field. GBSD In second half of 2017, the US Air Force awarded contracts to Boeing and Northrop Grumman to continue work on their designs for the replacement of the Minuteman III. The new Minuteman III will be the updated, ground-based leg of the nation’s “nuclear triad” strategic deterrent strategy. The week after the Space Symposium, the US launched a successful test fire of the Minuteman III, known as the LGM-30, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. GPS Satellites Vulnerable to Attack In early March, Air Force officials announced to Congress that GPS satellites are vulnerable to attack from Chinese and Russian lasers and missiles. These GPS satellites not only guide precision guided weapons, but also our day-to-day car navigation. This launched further discussion at the Space Symposium about the creation of the United States Space Corps, a proposed sixth branch of the United States Armed Forces that would absorb the USAF space warfare mission currently conducted by AF Space Command. Space is quickly becoming its own battleground; the conflict is not fully defined yet, or how it’s going to be fought but we see movement among our customers in regards to the creation and refinement of directed energy weapons, space lasers and other high technology arms as part of military space defense. We anticipate more focus on the creation of jam-resistant GPS’s and satellites that can’t be blinded by lasers from the ground in the near future. Scot Forge recently exhibited at the 34th Space Symposium from April 16 - 19, 2018 in Colorado Springs, and boy did we learn a lot! Rather than the experience just benefiting Scot Forge, we want to share what we learned to our customers in the aerospace industry. Here are the top 5 most discussed topics we heard at the show and our takeaways. Jorgensen Forge Shut Down It was announced during the Space Symposium that Jorgensen Forge, an open-die and rolled ring forging supplier, will cease operations and close this year for good. For the forging world, this means that a key aerospace supplier has stopped quoting new orders and is telling their customers to start transitioning to competitive suppliers. Jorgensen is well known in the aerospace industry for supplying lighter rolled rings up to 220” OD for Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE). This news came as quite a shock to Jorgensen’s customers, who were attending the Space Symposium. Nobody likes surprises (unless it’s their birthday… and even then, not all the time). This is especially true of the aerospace market and this news has left several companies in a panic as they struggle to find new suppliers to help in meeting their delivery needs to stay on schedule. Hypersonics There was a significant amount of discussion at the Space Symposium about the advancements in hypersonic technology throughout the world, mainly focused on Kinzhal, Russia’s new hypersonic missile. It’s been reported that Kinzhal can travel as fast as Mach 10 over a distance as great as 1,200 miles, all while maneuvering. If this is true, the new Russian missile would be able to tear through the most highly developed US defenses. Additionally, China has claimed they have a hypersonic missile that could reach the US mainland, along with testing a ballistic missile paired with a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). France and India have also joined the race to produce similar high-speed weaponry. While none of these nations have perfected their missiles, they are all making advancements to their arsenal. Earlier this year General John Hyten, Commander United States Strategic Command, acknowledged that the US needs new defense technologies to address these increasing global threats, along with continued advancement and testing of our own hypersonic missiles. Greater Use of Composite Materials & 3D Printing The use of advanced materials in aircraft is growing as manufacturers strive to improve performance and reduce maintenance requirements and aircraft weight. Composites such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are increasingly replacing aluminum. Additionally, engine manufacturers are developing ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components, which have a higher heat tolerance than metal alloys, to create more fuel-efficient engines. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, can produce parts with intricate geometries relatively easily in a variety of materials - including metals, polymers, and composites – and tends to reduce energy use and tooling costs for complex parts. However, Scot Forge still believes composite materials and additive manufacturing are a long way away from competing head-to-head against forged products for aerospace, due to the elimination of porosity, contoured grain flow and fine grain size inherent to the forging process. However, composite materials and 3D printing are currently a real threat to the replacement of castings. As forging companies look to convert critical castings to forgings in the future, we’re sure to meet composite material suppliers and 3D printers on the playing field. GBSD In second half of 2017, the US Air Force awarded contracts to Boeing and Northrop Grumman to continue work on their designs for the replacement of the Minuteman III. The new Minuteman III will be the updated, ground-based leg of the nation’s “nuclear triad” strategic deterrent strategy. The week after the Space Symposium, the US launched a successful test fire of the Minuteman III, known as the LGM-30, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. GPS Satellites Vulnerable to Attack In early March, Air Force officials announced to Congress that GPS satellites are vulnerable to attack from Chinese and Russian lasers and missiles. These GPS satellites not only guide precision guided weapons, but also our day-to-day car navigation. This launched further discussion at the Space Symposium about the creation of the United States Space Corps, a proposed sixth branch of the United States Armed Forces that would absorb the USAF space warfare mission currently conducted by AF Space Command. Space is quickly becoming its own battleground; the conflict is not fully defined yet, or how it’s going to be fought but we see movement among our customers in regards to the creation and refinement of directed energy weapons, space lasers and other high technology arms as part of military space defense. We anticipate more focus on the creation of jam-resistant GPS’s and satellites that can’t be blinded by lasers from the ground in the near future. 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Unusual Shaped Forging Breaks Ground—Literally Forging readily accommodates a wide variety of shapes while simultaneously imparting exceptional strength. But when it came to a highly unusual rotor arm fashioned in a three-spoke configuration, no one was sure whether it could be done. Deca Industries Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatechewan, Canada, is a 40-person industrial job shop that repairs heavy mining equipment. Founded in 1977, Deca specializes in serving the potash and the uranium mining industries. This unique application arose when Deca's customer, International Mining Corp. (IMC), wanted to fix a disabled rotor arm integral to the operation of a continuous boring mining machine. As the machine cuts through potash, the rotor arm holds the tools that actually make the cuts. Deca engineers determined that the part couldn't be repaired; rather, it had to be replaced. This was no small decision since the rotor arm is 90 in. in diameter, 4 ft thick, with three telescoping arms and a total weight of 7,000 lb. Deca began exploring fabrication options for the replacement part. Since the existing component had been a casting, Deca looked again at that method as well as machining and open die forging alternatives. "Acknowledging all the forging advantages, a question still remained," said Francis Nagy, Deca's president. "Could this part actually be manufactured as an open die forging? As far as we knew, the rotor arm's unusual shape wouldn't normally lend itself to forging." Yet Deca was intrigued. To investigate further, Deca turned to Scot Forge, its Spring Grove, IL, supplier of forged spindles and rings. Several steps were needed to produce the rotor arm. Nagy took the part's original blueprints and casting drawings down to Scot Forge where manufacturing details were worked out jointly. The new part started as a pancake-shaped piece of 4140 alloy base stock that was then formed into a seamless rolled ring via the open die forging process. Three torch-cut sectors were then drawn out and forged into journals. Once the forged part was finished, it was sent to Deca for secondary processing. "This was an enormous undertaking," Nagy said, "from the sheer standpoints of size and shape. We were amazed with the results." When IMC received the part, it passed the quality inspection. The new rotor arm has been in the field for two years now and has performed to everyone's expectations. Unusual Shaped Forging Breaks Ground—Literally Forging readily accommodates a wide variety of shapes while simultaneously imparting exceptional strength. But when it came to a highly unusual rotor arm fashioned in a three-spoke configuration, no one was sure whether it could be done. Deca Industries Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatechewan, Canada, is a 40-person industrial job shop that repairs heavy mining equipment. Founded in 1977, Deca specializes in serving the potash and the uranium mining industries. This unique application arose when Deca's customer, International Mining Corp. (IMC), wanted to fix a disabled rotor arm integral to the operation of a continuous boring mining machine. As the machine cuts through potash, the rotor arm holds the tools that actually make the cuts. Deca engineers determined that the part couldn't be repaired; rather, it had to be replaced. This was no small decision since the rotor arm is 90 in. in diameter, 4 ft thick, with three telescoping arms and a total weight of 7,000 lb. Deca began exploring fabrication options for the replacement part. Since the existing component had been a casting, Deca looked again at that method as well as machining and open die forging alternatives. "Acknowledging all the forging advantages, a question still remained," said Francis Nagy, Deca's president. "Could this part actually be manufactured as an open die forging? As far as we knew, the rotor arm's unusual shape wouldn't normally lend itself to forging." Yet Deca was intrigued. To investigate further, Deca turned to Scot Forge, its Spring Grove, IL, supplier of forged spindles and rings. Several steps were needed to produce the rotor arm. Nagy took the part's original blueprints and casting drawings down to Scot Forge where manufacturing details were worked out jointly. The new part started as a pancake-shaped piece of 4140 alloy base stock that was then formed into a seamless rolled ring via the open die forging process. Three torch-cut sectors were then drawn out and forged into journals. Once the forged part was finished, it was sent to Deca for secondary processing. "This was an enormous undertaking," Nagy said, "from the sheer standpoints of size and shape. We were amazed with the results." When IMC received the part, it passed the quality inspection. The new rotor arm has been in the field for two years now and has performed to everyone's expectations. Next Item Previous Item

Forging Takes Flight - Space Travel is Redefined On June 21, 2004, in the famous words of Neil Armstrong, another "giant leap" for mankind took place 328,491 feet above the California desert, as pilot Mike Melvill became the first civilian to fly a craft beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The historic launch of SpaceShipOne - the first privately funded craft to successfully reach space - is significant because it opens the doors to private space flight and commercialization. It also represents the first new rocket engine developed for human space flight since 1972. California-based SpaceDev, contracted by the aerospace development company Scaled Composites, was responsible for the design and manufacture of the solid fuel grain and other major components of the propulsion system. The launch required a craft constructed of the most dependable and durable materials. When these demands - as well as the project's compressed timeframe - became evident, SpaceDev enlisted the forging expertise of Scot Forge. The Right Stuff Some of the components SpaceDev provided for SpaceShipOne's rocket motor, included the igniter, injector and main operating valve. Their design for SpaceShipOne's hybrid propulsion system called for a bulkhead for each solid booster rocket - five in total - that would not only contain and feed the propellant, but also separate and protect it from the motorcase. "This main oxidizer bulkhead design is what led us to the forging process and, ultimately, Scot Forge," explains Jeff Hickerson, SpaceDev's Mechanical Engineer - Hybrid Propulsion. "Forging brought all the advantages this design required high-strength, structural integrity and the elimination of porosity." More so than any other available metalworking process, forging provided the consistent material strength necessary for this application. Through forging, the metal is heated and mechanically formed between dies under controlled conditions. In addition to producing the desired shape and dimensions, the forging process also dramatically increases the strength of the material. Structural strength is increased by the elimination of the cast structure, enhanced density and improved homogeneity. The directional strength is improved by aligning the grain flow in specific directions. Meeting the Deadline with Quality Once forging was agreed upon, SpaceDev began searching for the right partner for the job. Beyond the quality requirements, this forging provider needed to be able to work with the specified high strength stainless steel (15-5 PH VAR material), and deliver the final product within a 6-week timeframe. The challenge was met by Scot Forge. "Scot Forge offered exactly what we were looking for in terms of quality and material requirements," Hickerson said. "And most critically, they were able to deliver on time." Headquartered in Illinois, Scot Forge is an open die and rolled ring forging company, and their wide range of experience, including military and aerospace applications, provided an advantage for this project. "Because of our metallurgical expertise," said Tom Schwingbeck, Jr., Dir. of Technical Sales and Services for Scot Forge, "we were familiar with the material, and knew how to forge it to SpaceDev's specifications." Within the 6-week deadline, Scot Forge delivered five forged blanks, each with an O.D. of 24 3/8". The forging process ensured a lack of voids in the material, which was a chief concern for SpaceDev. "The little cavities - voids - that often appear in cast metals were too much of a performance risk for us," said Hickerson. "We chose a strong stainless steel, with good natural properties. The forging process helped maintain and bolster the strength and consistency of the steel." After being forged, the blanks were solution treated, age hardened and then rough machined. Additionally, Scot Forge performed ultrasonic testing to meet the MIL-STD-2154 Class A standards required for the bulkheads. "Forging was definitely the right process for the specific and unique demands of this application, and played a role in the success of the mission" said Schwingbeck. "Scot Forge is very proud to have been a part of this historic flight." Making History and Forging Ahead The collaboration of SpaceDev and Scot Forge was instrumental in helping the dream of private space flight move quickly from drawing board to launching pad. The groundbreaking flight on June 21, 2004 was the culmination of years of research, preparation, design, and testing. The success of this maiden flight led to two additional launches on September 29 and October 4, which captured the coveted Ansari X-Prize: a ten million-dollar award for consecutive private extra-atmosphere launches. "The possibilities for this type of flight, and the capabilities of this craft have been demonstrated," said Hickerson, whose group is working on other larger, low cost propulsion systems and further innovation. "The doors are definitely open now. Who knows what the future holds?" Forging Takes Flight - Space Travel is Redefined On June 21, 2004, in the famous words of Neil Armstrong, another "giant leap" for mankind took place 328,491 feet above the California desert, as pilot Mike Melvill became the first civilian to fly a craft beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The historic launch of SpaceShipOne - the first privately funded craft to successfully reach space - is significant because it opens the doors to private space flight and commercialization. It also represents the first new rocket engine developed for human space flight since 1972. California-based SpaceDev, contracted by the aerospace development company Scaled Composites, was responsible for the design and manufacture of the solid fuel grain and other major components of the propulsion system. The launch required a craft constructed of the most dependable and durable materials. When these demands - as well as the project's compressed timeframe - became evident, SpaceDev enlisted the forging expertise of Scot Forge. The Right Stuff Some of the components SpaceDev provided for SpaceShipOne's rocket motor, included the igniter, injector and main operating valve. Their design for SpaceShipOne's hybrid propulsion system called for a bulkhead for each solid booster rocket - five in total - that would not only contain and feed the propellant, but also separate and protect it from the motorcase. "This main oxidizer bulkhead design is what led us to the forging process and, ultimately, Scot Forge," explains Jeff Hickerson, SpaceDev's Mechanical Engineer - Hybrid Propulsion. "Forging brought all the advantages this design required high-strength, structural integrity and the elimination of porosity." More so than any other available metalworking process, forging provided the consistent material strength necessary for this application. Through forging, the metal is heated and mechanically formed between dies under controlled conditions. In addition to producing the desired shape and dimensions, the forging process also dramatically increases the strength of the material. Structural strength is increased by the elimination of the cast structure, enhanced density and improved homogeneity. The directional strength is improved by aligning the grain flow in specific directions. Meeting the Deadline with Quality Once forging was agreed upon, SpaceDev began searching for the right partner for the job. Beyond the quality requirements, this forging provider needed to be able to work with the specified high strength stainless steel (15-5 PH VAR material), and deliver the final product within a 6-week timeframe. The challenge was met by Scot Forge. "Scot Forge offered exactly what we were looking for in terms of quality and material requirements," Hickerson said. "And most critically, they were able to deliver on time." Headquartered in Illinois, Scot Forge is an open die and rolled ring forging company, and their wide range of experience, including military and aerospace applications, provided an advantage for this project. "Because of our metallurgical expertise," said Tom Schwingbeck, Jr., Dir. of Technical Sales and Services for Scot Forge, "we were familiar with the material, and knew how to forge it to SpaceDev's specifications." Within the 6-week deadline, Scot Forge delivered five forged blanks, each with an O.D. of 24 3/8". The forging process ensured a lack of voids in the material, which was a chief concern for SpaceDev. "The little cavities - voids - that often appear in cast metals were too much of a performance risk for us," said Hickerson. "We chose a strong stainless steel, with good natural properties. The forging process helped maintain and bolster the strength and consistency of the steel." After being forged, the blanks were solution treated, age hardened and then rough machined. Additionally, Scot Forge performed ultrasonic testing to meet the MIL-STD-2154 Class A standards required for the bulkheads. "Forging was definitely the right process for the specific and unique demands of this application, and played a role in the success of the mission" said Schwingbeck. "Scot Forge is very proud to have been a part of this historic flight." Making History and Forging Ahead The collaboration of SpaceDev and Scot Forge was instrumental in helping the dream of private space flight move quickly from drawing board to launching pad. The groundbreaking flight on June 21, 2004 was the culmination of years of research, preparation, design, and testing. The success of this maiden flight led to two additional launches on September 29 and October 4, which captured the coveted Ansari X-Prize: a ten million-dollar award for consecutive private extra-atmosphere launches. "The possibilities for this type of flight, and the capabilities of this craft have been demonstrated," said Hickerson, whose group is working on other larger, low cost propulsion systems and further innovation. "The doors are definitely open now. Who knows what the future holds?" Next Item Previous Item

Torch or Profile Cut Forging Add paragraph text. Click “Edit Text” to update the font, size and more. To change and reuse text themes, go to Site Styles. Lower Costs & Lead Times Torch cutting to near-net shape saves material and machining costs, and by combining torch cutting with the forging operation, you also get the integrity of forging without the cost and long lead time often associated with other metal working processes. Torch Process Highlights Our torches can cut through carbon and alloy forgings with pre and post-heating operations that minimize thermal shock and protect forging integrity. Related Literature for Forging Presses New State of the Art 90MN Press for North American Forgemasters Ellwood Group Inc. and Scot Forge have expanded the capabilities of North American Forgemasters (NAF) in New Castle, PA, marking the second chapter in the 50-50 joint venture partnership between the two companies. NAF was established by the two partners in 1997 when together they built a 4,500 ton open die forging press. Request Related Literature Uniquely Shaped Forgings In Numerous Configurations We frequently combine torch cutting, sawing and machining techniques with the forging process to produce uniquely shaped, high-quality parts without costly tooling investments. We torch cut special shapes or contours into carbon and alloy forged parts, in thicknesses up to 32". We can help you today! Name Phone Number Company Email State/Country Comment/Request Submit Scot Forge Difference At Scot Forge, we know the importance of getting your parts on-time, as expected. However, for customers new to procuring forgings, ordering a forging that will meet all specifications for end-use applications may be a challenge, which is why finding a trusted supplier and partner is essential. Our employee-owners are here to ensure your project stays on track with our forgings by offering: Forge Design & Engineering Guidance Finished Machining Options Metallurgical Review, NDE & Destructive Testing Forged Products We offer many size forgings in both standard and unique geometries to meet your needs. Complex Shapes Bars Step Shafts, Eccentric Shafts & Rotor Shafts Hollows Hubs & Tooled Forgings Semi-Closed Die Discs & Blanks Pro Tip - Did you know near-net shapes can save you time and money? Oftentimes, a customer calls to order a disc, which they will later machine down to a more shaped part. By working with our technically trained sales team, you can get your finished product shape as close as possible to optimize your production process.

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4b5ede0a-1d0d-4925-a988-02229f8f9ec1 PNUEMATIC FORGING HAMMERS Take a look at our hammers in action! In Franklin Park, IL, we forge both ferrous and non-ferrous forgings are produced on six open die pneumatic forging hammers in part weights from 1 lb. to 3,000 lbs. and in quantities as low as a single piece. Lower Costs & Lead Times Torch cutting to near-net shape saves material and machining costs, and by combining torch cutting with the forging operation, you also get the integrity of forging without the cost and long lead time often associated with other metal working processes. Torch Process Highlights Our torches can cut through carbon and alloy forgings with pre and post-heating operations that minimize thermal shock and protect forging integrity. Related Literature for Forging Presses New State of the Art 90MN Press for North American Forgemasters Ellwood Group Inc. and Scot Forge have expanded the capabilities of North American Forgemasters (NAF) in New Castle, PA, marking the second chapter in the 50-50 joint venture partnership between the two companies. NAF was established by the two partners in 1997 when together they built a 4,500 ton open die forging press. Request Related Literature What Is A Pneumatic Forging Hammer? With more than 10,000 tools the hammers at Scot Forge can create small to medium size forgings quickly and cost-effectively, saving you time and money on manufacturing tools to forge your components. Pneumatic hammers consist of a frame, an anvil and a reciprocating ram holding a hammerhead or die. The billet is placed on the lower anvil or die, and the head or upper die strikes the workpiece until the desired shape is achieved. Tools are used to create shaped pieces like hubs or rings. A typical pneumatic hammer works by storing potential energy in an arrangement of mechanical linkages and springs, in compressed air, or steam, which it will use to manipulate a billet. The stored potential energy provides a more forceful stroke than merely allowing the weight to fall. We can help you today! Name Phone Number Company Email State/Country Comment/Request Submit Scot Forge Difference At Scot Forge, we know the importance of getting your parts on-time, as expected. However, for customers new to procuring forgings, ordering a forging that will meet all specifications for end-use applications may be a challenge, which is why finding a trusted supplier and partner is essential. Our employee-owners are here to ensure your project stays on track with our forgings by offering: Forge Design & Engineering Guidance Finished Machining Options Metallurgical Review, NDE & Destructive Testing Forged Products We offer many size forgings in both standard and unique geometries to meet your needs. Complex Shapes Bars Step Shafts, Eccentric Shafts & Rotor Shafts Hollows Hubs & Tooled Forgings Semi-Closed Die Discs & Blanks Pro Tip - Did you know near-net shapes can save you time and money? Oftentimes, a customer calls to order a disc, which they will later machine down to a more shaped part. By working with our technically trained sales team, you can get your finished product shape as close as possible to optimize your production process.

1ca184b2-e6ad-49c8-80f9-623038edd623 HEAVY DUTY HYDRAULIC FORGING PRESSES SCOT FORGE HYDRAULIC PRESSES All of our presses are engineered and built in-house, giving Scot Forge the unique ability to forge things that other can't. Take a look at our hydraulic upset forging press in action! It produces custom flanged-end forgings in a variety of shapes and lengths and can upset most simple or complex shapes in a single pass using induction heating elements and automated material handling equipment. The upset forging process system includes a hydraulic upset press, induction heating element and automated material handling equipment. Lower Costs & Lead Times Torch cutting to near-net shape saves material and machining costs, and by combining torch cutting with the forging operation, you also get the integrity of forging without the cost and long lead time often associated with other metal working processes. Torch Process Highlights Our torches can cut through carbon and alloy forgings with pre and post-heating operations that minimize thermal shock and protect forging integrity. Related Literature for Forging Presses New State of the Art 90MN Press for North American Forgemasters Ellwood Group Inc. and Scot Forge have expanded the capabilities of North American Forgemasters (NAF) in New Castle, PA, marking the second chapter in the 50-50 joint venture partnership between the two companies. NAF was established by the two partners in 1997 when together they built a 4,500 ton open die forging press. Request Related Literature What Is A Hydraulic Press At Scot Forge, our hydraulic presses are built in-house and allow us to produce near-net shape forgings that help reduce the total cost of production by eliminating some downstream processes. Hydraulic presses use large pistons driven by high-pressure hydraulic or hydro-pneumatic systems. These presses apply pressure to the top of a piston, moving the ram downward to manipulate a billet or ingot into the desired shape. Scot Forge operators have more control of the speeds and pressures during the forging process with hydraulic presses, enabling us to produce unique geometries. In many cases, hydraulic presses are used for open and some closed die forging presses. Hydraulic forging presses are rated according to the maximum force they develop. Presses currently in use in North America for impression die forging range up to 60,000 tons; presses of 72,000 tons and 82,000 tons are in operation in other parts of the world. Presses used for open die forging range from 200 tons to 100,000 tons. We can help you today! Name Phone Number Company Email State/Country Comment/Request Submit Scot Forge Difference At Scot Forge, we know the importance of getting your parts on-time, as expected. However, for customers new to procuring forgings, ordering a forging that will meet all specifications for end-use applications may be a challenge, which is why finding a trusted supplier and partner is essential. Our employee-owners are here to ensure your project stays on track with our forgings by offering: Forge Design & Engineering Guidance Finished Machining Options Metallurgical Review, NDE & Destructive Testing Forged Products We offer many size forgings in both standard and unique geometries to meet your needs. Complex Shapes Bars Step Shafts, Eccentric Shafts & Rotor Shafts Hollows Hubs & Tooled Forgings Semi-Closed Die Discs & Blanks Pro Tip - Did you know near-net shapes can save you time and money? Oftentimes, a customer calls to order a disc, which they will later machine down to a more shaped part. By working with our technically trained sales team, you can get your finished product shape as close as possible to optimize your production process.