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What Is Open Die Forging?

Open die forging involves the shaping of heated metal parts between a top die attached to a ram and a bottom die attached to a hammer, anvil or bolster. Metal parts are worked at their appropriate temperatures, ranging from 500°F to 2400°F, and gradually shaped into the desired configuration through the skillful hammering or pressing of the workpiece.

Difference between open die forging and closed die forging

While impression or closed die forging confines the metal in dies, open die forging is distinguished by the fact that the metal is never completely confined or restrained in the dies. Most open die forgings are produced on flat dies. However, round swaging dies, V-dies, mandrels, pins and loose tools are also used depending on the desired part configuration and its size.

Although the open die forging process is often associated with larger, simpler-shaped parts such as bars, blanks, rings, hollows or spindles, in fact it can be considered the ultimate option in "custom-designed" metal components. High-strength, long-life parts optimized in terms of both mechanical properties and structural integrity are today produced in sizes that range from a few pounds to hundreds of tons in weight. In addition, advanced forge shops now offer shapes that were never before thought capable of being produced by the open die forging process.

spindle-shaped part open die forging process:

    1. Starting stock cut to size by weight is first rounded, then upset to achieve structural integrity and directional grain flow. 

    Open-die forging

    2. A "fuller" tool marks the starting "step" locations on the fully rounded workpiece. 

    “Open-die

3. Forging or "drawing" down the first step to size. The second step is drawn down to size. 

“Open

 

4. Note how the part elongates with each process step as the material is being displaced. 

“Open

5. "Planishing" the rough forging for a smoother surface finish and to keep stock allowance to a minimum.

“Open

Scot Forge Difference

At Scot Forge, we know the importance of getting your parts on-time, as expected. However, for customers new to procuring forgings, ordering a forging that will meet all specifications for end-use applications may be a challenge, which is why finding a trusted supplier and partner is essential. Our employee-owners are here to ensure your project stays on track with our forgings by offering:

Pro Tip - Did you know near-net shapes can save you time and money? Oftentimes, a customer calls to order a disc, which they will later machine down to a more shaped part. By working with our technically trained sales team you can get as close to your finished product shape as possible to optimize your production process. 

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